The Centenary of Adventures of Monsieur De Mailly by David Lindsay

David Lindsay (1876-1945) wrote seven novels, and Adventures of Monsieur de Mailly is always seen as the odd one out. Unlike his other six, it is not especially philosophical, and it is often relegated to the inferior status of potboiler. (Though Lindsay himself said it was not one, as is noted below.)  Even critically there has been nonsense written about it—e.g., Bernard Sellin (mostly a perceptive critic) claimed that Lindsay’s wife probably had a hand in it (“It is also probable that The Adventures of Monsieur de Mailly was as much the work of Jacqueline as of David Lindsay. . . . being of French origin on her mother’s side, she was well qualified to provide all the relevant information on the background of the plot” The Life and Works of David Lindsay,  p. 28) But Lindsay’s wife was actually from a Romanian Jewish family that emigrated first in the early 1880s to Rosh Pinna (then in Ottoman Palestine, but now in Israel) before then coming to England in the mid-1890s. So Sellin’s supposition has no relevance.

Adventures of Monsieur de Mailly was, paradoxically, the most successful book published by Lindsay during his own lifetime. It was his only novel to be reprinted, and it was the only one to achieve a contemporaneous American edition.

In the U.K., Adventures of Monsieur de Mailly (the title has no initial indefinite article) was published by Andrew Melrose of London in September of 1926. This month it celebrates its centenary. The firm Andrew Melrose was bought out by the increasing maw of another publisher, Hutchinson, in very late 1926, and Hutchinson soon reprinted de Mailly (the most notable differences from the first printing being the change of address on the title page and the change of printer). The novel was retitled A Blade for Sale: The Adventures of Monsieur de Mailly for publication in February (but dated March) 1927 by Robert M. McBride of New York.

Lindsay’s own title for the book had been The Enterprises of Monsieur de Mailly. Basically, it tells some stories of twenty-seven year old Gaston de Mailly and his scandalous affairs in and around Paris and Versailles in the year 1700, during the reign of Louis XIV.  To his friend E.H. Visiak, Lindsay wrote: “It has been called a potboiler, but it is not one. I wrote it from high spirits, as the result of a somewhat protracted course of Saint Simon” (14 September 1929). The course of Saint Simon refers to the multi-volumed Memoirs of the Duc de Saint-Simon, covering the years from 1692 through the passing of Louis XIV in 1715 and beyond. If Lindsay did not read the memoirs in French, the most recent translation into English before the writing of de Mailly was the six volume abridged series translated by Francis Arkwright, published in 1915-1924.

Of the few U.K. reviews, that in the Scotsman was the longest, noting:  “There is excellent invention in the weaving of the intricate web of intrigue and adventure in which De Mailly finds himself involved, and through which he manages to adroitly wriggle or boldly cut a way” (7 October 1926). The Scotsman reviewer even expressed hope to hear more of de Mailly in the future, for: “A hero so instant in thought, word, and deed is not to be lightly parted with.” The Spectator gave it a one-sentence review (“The book is full of excitement” 9 October 1926). The Times Literary Supplement did not review it, alone among Lindsay’s novels.

In the U.S. I have found over a half dozen reviews, all positive, though a few are very short. Frederick H. Martens in the Literary Review (of The New York Evening Post) noted “the triumphant emergence of the ready-witted hero from a wicked web of ingenious plot and counterplot with glory, gold and girl is excellent Dumas” (2 April 1927). The reviewer in the New York Times wrote: “A pleasant bit of Summer reading is assured in A Blade for Sale, which portrays the daring adventures of Gaston de Mailly, a soldier of fortune. Mr. Lindsay has liberally treated the plot with humor, mystery, romance and action, a combination that will prove popular with readers of varied tastes” (12 June 1927). The Tuscaloosa News & Times Gazette (of Alabama) claimed “it is exceedingly well written and there are many moments when it reminds the reader of the masterpieces among all writings of its kind” (1 May 1927).

This is a David Lindsay novel unlike his others, and if a reader can approach it for what it is (a historical adventure novel of the time of Louis XIV), it is good indeed.

The Centenary of Styrbiorn the Strong, by E. R. Eddison

E. R. Eddison (1882-1945) was young when he was struck by what he called "saga-madness." By 1901, when he was eighteen, he had translated for himself the short and little-known violent "Saga of Vermund Kögur Fjorleif's Son"--the first published translation into English would not appear until 1997, in The Complete Sagas of Icelanders, volume 4, as a part of  "The Saga of the People of Reykjadal and of Killer-Skuta." This short text is complicated, and Eddison did not translate the additional text associated with it (which appears with it in The Complete Sagas of Icelanders). Eddison looked into the matter in 1935, but didn't pursue it.  In late 1944, publisher Stanley Unwin (of George Allen and Unwin) asked Eddison about translating an Icelandic saga for his firm, but Eddison, by then fully engaged in the writing of his novel The Mezentian Gate, turned him down. Eddison died the following year at age 62. 

Between all this activity are two related and very important books by Eddison, his 1930 translation of Egil’s Saga (Cambridge University Press), and the book whose centenary we are observing, the novel Styrbiorn the Strong, published in September 1926 by Jonathan Cape in London and by Albert & Charles Boni in New York, both of whom had previously published Eddison first novel, The Worm Ouroboros.

 Jonathan Cape asked Eddison himself to supply a blurb of one hundred words for the publisher's catalog, and the blurb was also used on the front free end-paper of Cape's dust-wrapper of the book: 

The Swedish prince, called Styrbiorn the Strong, after a meteoric career in which he shook the lands of the Baltic, fell in the year 983, still in his early youth, in an attempt to wrest the kingdom from his uncle. 

The writer follows history closely. His intimate knowledge of the Viking civilization and spirit is taken at first hand from the ancient literature of the North. In his swift, dramatic narrative he takes no sides, but leaves his actors--Styrbiorn, King Eric the Victorious, and his fatal Queen--to impress their personalities on the reader by their own words and actions. 

Eddison crafted the book slowly, and not in sequential order. He wrote chapter I in August 1922 (following the publication of The Worm in May), and by January 1923, he had written what became chapters II, XI, and the final XVI. He intermixed the writing with periods, some long, of research. He finally finished the book in late November 1925, shortly after his 43rd birthday. Eddison wrote most of the book at his desk at his Club, the Atheneum, in London. After a short period for revision, the book went to his publisher Jonathan Cape, who read it himself,  and they set terms for its publication. 

Styrbion the Strong was published by Jonathan Cape, with a dust-wrapper and interior illustrations by Keith Henderson (Eddison‘s brother-in-law). Albert & Charles Boni used a small number of Henderson’s decorations (without credit), and used a dust-wrapper illustration by another artist (also not credited). The book was well reviewed in both England and the U.S. 

The New York Times noted:  “Not in a long time has any writer in English made of an old Norse saga so fresh and heroic and resounding a tale as has Mr. Eddison in Styrbiorn the Strong” (19 September 1926). Both L.P. Hartley in The Saturday Review and Mary Agnes Hamilton in Time and Tide singled out Eddison’s ending for especial praise. Hartley wrote “the last scene is finely worked up to and described with economy of detail and great dramatic effect” (2 October 1926) and Hamilton: “Mr. Eddison is superb in description of fighting, and possibly one is paying his hero the highest tribute when one avows that the final chapter—the one in which he is received into Valhalla—is the most moving of any” (8 October 1926). Yet in later years Eddison himself noted that if he were writing the book then, he would end the book before the final chapter. A very short review (signed P.S.) in The New Statesmen lumped Styrbiorn together with Kenneth Morris’s recent collection, The Secret Mountain and Other Tales, claiming the two books which “deserve much more space than I am able to devote to them here, come as close to pure romanticism as prose fiction conveniently can. . . . Both books, I should add, are produced with care and (what is not always the same thing) with taste” (29 January 1927). In commenting upon the book to a friend, Eddison himself compared it to The Worm Ouroboros as follows: “only about one-third the length of the Worm, narrower in scope, tragical & (except the last chapter) staged purely on earth, whereas the Worm was staged in Heaven” (letter to Thomas Moult, 5 November 1926). I leave it open for debate as to how to interpret that the Worm was set in Heaven!

Styrbiorn, ironically Eddison’s most accessible book, languished for many years. In 2011, the University of Minnesota Press re-issued it in an expanded affordable trade paperback, including for the first time Eddison’s four page “Letter of Introduction” to the dedicatee, his brother Colin; and the full unabridged form of Eddison’s “Closing Note.”  An “Afterword” by Paul Edmund Thomas is also included.